This X-bee based automatic temperature monitoring system is the “Future of Home Automation”


Image: X-bee gas leakage and temperature monitoring

 Introduction
This home automation and safety kit is based on a technology which is gaining popularity around the world after the introduction of iOT devices and smart networks.
This kit, X-Bee based temperature monitoring wireless system, effectively automates your temperature monitoring activities. It’s a typical system comprising of hardware, software and a personal computer or server.
X-bee is an electronic module which wirelessly transmits and receives data using radio waves.
In this kit, we have used a temperature probe which constantly monitors the temperature of its nearby environment. The temperature reading is encoded by the X-bee transmitter and sends it to X-bee receiver which then decodes the data. The receiver is connected to a network server or computer which reads the decoded data through a USB input. Depending on the value of temperature reading, the computer is programmed to take necessary actions.
Working Principle
  1. DS18B20 Temperature Sensor
The DS18B20 is a digital thermometer or temperature measuring device which detects and gives out 9 to 12 bit values. It interacts with the micro-controller using a single wire bus. The sensor can extract power directly from the data line but for safety purposes there are additional ports provided for VCC and ground.
Therefore, this sensor contains 3-ports (2 for power supply and 1 for data) and can be used in applications like thermostatic controls, industrial systems etc.


                                               Image: DS18B20 temperature probe

Working
The core functionality of the DS18B20 is its direct-to-digital temperature sensor. The resolution of the temperature sensor is user-configurable to 9, 10, 11, or 12 bits, corresponding to increments of 0.5°C, 0.25°C, 0.125°C, and 0.0625°C, respectively. The default resolution at power-up is 12-bit. The DS18B20 powers up in a low power idle state. To initiate a temperature measurement and A-to-D conversion, the master must issue a Convert T [44h] command.

Following the conversion, the resulting thermal data is stored in the 2-byte temperature register in the scratchpad memory and the DS18B20 returns to its idle state. If the DS18B20 is powered by an external supply, the master can issue “read time slots” after the Convert T command and the DS18B20 will respond by transmitting 0 while the temperature conversion is in progress and 1 when the conversion is done.

Tech Spec
  • Power supply range is 3.0V to 5.5V
  • Measures temperatures from -55°C to +125°C. 
  • Converts 12-bit temperature to digital word in 750 ms
  • Can be powered from data line
  • Alarm search command identifies and addresses devices whose temperature is outside of programmed limits (temperature alarm condition)

The Temperature sensor has 3 pins and it should be connected as follows:
  • Vcc - 5V
  • Gnd - Gnd
  • Data-digital pin 2
  • Pull up resistor of value 4.7kohm between data and supply voltage

  1. X-Bee
XBee devices communicate with each other over the air, sending and receiving wireless messages. The devices only transfer those wireless messages; they cannot manage the received or sent data. However, they can communicate with intelligent devices via the serial interface.
XBee devices transmit data coming from the serial input over the air, and they send anything received wirelessly to the serial output. Whether for communication purposes or simply for configuring the device, a combination of both processes makes XBee communication possible. In this way, intelligent devices such as microcontrollers or PCs can control what the XBee device sends and manage incoming wireless messages.
 1. Wireless communication: This communication takes place between XBee modules. Modules that are supposed to work together need to be part of the same network and they must use the same radio frequency. All modules that meet these requirements can communicate wirelessly with each other.
2. Serial communication: This communication takes place between the XBee module and the intelligent device connected to it through the serial interface.

Working
The sensor will continuously check for the temperature and send this data to the microcontroller on protocol basis. The control then commands the transmitter X-bee to send the temperature data.  The receiver X-bee will receive the data send it to the PC to be logged using the USB to UART interface.

Video link for kit demo:

Major Components List
  • X-Bee
  • Micro-controller (AVR Family)
  • Temperature Sensor (DS18B20)
  • LCD (16X2)
  • UART Bus


 Block Diagram:
Image: Block Diagram

 





Block Diagram
To buy this kit, please click on the following link:
http://www.kitsguru.com/x-bee-based-temperature-and-gas-monitoring

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